A person is said to have used force on another if he/she causes:
An Act:
| Through himself | Substance |
Causes:
| Motion | Change of motion | Cease of motion |
Effect:
| On another person , in case of substance in contact with their body parts or anything they are wearing or carrying so it may effect that. |
Through:
| Own bodily power | Manipulating the substance | Inducing an animal |
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Case Law: In the case of Ramakant Rajaram v. Manuel Fernandes, it was determined that using a substance to impact another person’s motion without actually causing the effect—that is, maintaining the other person’s current condition of motion—did not constitute the use of force.
